all right so now it's time to discuss
about data interpretation data
interpretation
is a very important section of part a or
paper one for csian and ugc net
iit jam bait as well
why because data interpretation is
needed as a research scientist if you
are going to be a budding scientist
later
data interpretation is something that
you will deal with every single day
and data interpretation means basically
they will give you a representation of
data in graphical formats in compact
formats where so much information will
be punched into a graph or a table
from there you need to gather that
information and find out the answer
so let's solve some of the data
interpretation problems it may take some
time for you to judge the data but you
need to be very good at understanding
the graph and to understand the graph
you always need to understand the
relationship between x axis and y axis
because
beat any kind of graph there will be x
axis and y axis
now based on this x and y axis there are
different ways uh the graph will be
represented either bar chart pie chart
any kind of chart they can represent it
with but this is always with x and y
relationship available in this case you
can see there are two company company a
with cross company b with circle
in the x axis the number of years in the
y axis percentage profit mentioned
from the year 0 to 2008
and what they stated here is that if the
income of company in 2005 was equal to
its expenditure in 2007
okay what was the ratio between
companies expenditure in years 2005 and
okay in this picture so basically from
this picture into get the data and
utilizing the data you need to calculate
sometimes you may need to calculate
sometimes you may not need to calculate
in this case some calculations will be
involved okay
so
it was stated the income of the company
in 2000 this is a comparative study
between company and b
if the income of company in 2005
so income at
equals to expenditure at 2007
okay let's assume that x x rupees
okay
and this is the x rupees income and
expenditure same income at 2005 and
expenditure at 2007 same so you can see
that the percentage profit clearly you
can see for the company that is in the
cross value 2005 this is the profit 2007
this is the profit so what we can see
the profit increased in 2007 a little
bit
okay
so what we can clearly state is that
so what is the expenditure let's assume
the expenditure at
is x1
so it 2005 what we can tell
x minus x1 profit i mean uh yes uh the
ex what we can say that investment
income minus expenditure income x
expenditure x1 by x1 equals to
uh so that is the that is the amount
that is the percentage value this is the
percentage of
amount that they gather here is equal to
what percentage
what percentage in 2005 near about what
this is 45
you can clearly see that
right so
x is income x 1 expenditure x minus x 1
by x 1 into 100 that is the total
percentage profit we are calculating
percentage profit was 45 percent you can
clearly see in 2005 it was 45
this is data interpretation so you are
getting information from the
graph itself which is not written in any
question either they can write it in a
question or they can represent it with
graph but this is graphical
representation
so equals to 45 percent will not put
percentage because we are actually
breaking it down in percent values so
from there what we know
hundred x
minus hundred x one equals to forty five
x one
so
hundred x equals to one 145 x 1
okay
so what will be the ratio
now the ratio of what
x by x 1
the ratio of x 1 by x ratio of what
expenditure
so we find out the x 1 value here
x by
okay and if we simplify it 20 by 29 x
was what expenditure at 2005
okay
what is the expenditure at 2007 we
already counted as x
right so what is the ratio
of expenditure of
because it was told the income at 2005
equals to expenditure at 2007 it was
also given in the graph it was also told
in the question
so the ratio will be 20
x by 29
so 20 is to 29
that should be the ratio
option c you can see that there are two
options 20 is to 29 29 is to 20 that's
what need to be very careful about
which one is which like
the expenditure of 2005 was 20 x by 29
expenditure at
then only you will get 20 is to 29
otherwise will be other way around okay
remember that it's very important
all right so let's move to another
problem here
free phd exam score of 10 students are
plotted against the msc marks
which of the following is true four
statements are given which is true
pre-phd exam score of 10 students
okay are plotted against their msc marks
so this is percentage marks i don't see
any
plot here basically
okay so it was stated that
this is msc marks in x percent msc mass
in x
axis percentage marks in pre phd exam in
y axis so you can basically see 40
percent in msc pre phd only 10
where the the mass comes in which is not
actually mentioned here so
right now we'll solve another data
interpretation
number of times a research paper is
viewed and cited is shown in the plot
which is relevant in which month in
which month was the percentage increase
in citation more than double of the
percentage increase in views
citation
doubled in percentage of views
that is the month we need to find out
in which month the citation
the citation
is more than double
more than double so citation is more
than two times then views
the percentage views
that month we need to figure out based
on looking at this picture
okay
in the x axis we have the month in the y
axis we have the citations the views uh
we can clearly see okay so citation is
greater than two times of the percentage
views
in which month
so okay the percentage views we are
calculating right the percentage
increase so you can see views 4
january
we have two citations
four views
two citations four views
basically when we see the the spike
the percentage increase in citation
basically
the percentage increase in citation goes
two to four is hundred percent
right so this is citation two citations
in january citation gets doubled in may
two to four
right hundred percent spike so that
means what
this was
the view
april it was two
may it was 4. so april to may
so from april
to may you can clearly see by looking at
this graph itself no calculation april
to may
the citation
is doubled then twice
but if you look at the view how much
view is changed from 7 to 9
so 9 minus 7
by 7 that much percentage so 2 by 7 into
of course that is more than double
so what we can say
which
month me
because it's quite easy there are two
only two ways either you can say from
january to may
or it is april to may where the citation
gets doubled
and
also what we need to see is that not
only citation should get doubled but
also the viewership increase the
viewership also increased for seven
to nine
so of course this is the month
which month
may is the month
in that month we see the spiked citation
as well as the spiked view
so that's why choose may not april
remember that
so that should be our answer you don't
need any calculation basically iq is
enough to answer this
now we'll solve this problem
study the following
units of raw material manufactured and
sold by a company over a period of years
units of raw material manufactured and
sold by the company
years in the x-axis
units of raw materials in the y-axis
okay manufactured is black dot sold is
cross
okay you can see there is a dip in sold
and manufactured in the years 2007. the
question stated what
so the questions are not written here
i'll write the question the question
number one
what is the average number
average number
of
units sold
units sold
over time
average number of units sold over time
or sold over the years okay that is the
first question options are given 44 lakh
okay
and none of the above four options are
there
and the question number two
stated what is the respective ratio the
respective ratio
of the number of units
manufactured
in the year
to the number of units manufactured
in 2008.
so the ratio between the number of units
manufactured in 2004 and 8. i am not
going to put any options because we are
going to find it anyway
okay
so let's average number of units sold
over the years
so
sold is the cross one that is this one
how much sold in 2004 we have this
this much units of raw material sold
so near about half between 3 and 4 so
we'll take it 3.5
then this one 4
this one 5
this one 3
this one 6.5
so what is the average how many years
so this is the average value simple
average calculation nothing else
four point four
four point four means this is related to
crore so obviously we put crore value
which is not written anywhere the units
of raw material is not calculated by
money but as the options if you can see
four point four is our answer it matches
with 4.4 crore so we'll go with 4.4
crore this is the answer to first
question the answer to second question
ratio of number of units manufactured in
manufactured in 2008.
so 2004 how many units manufactured you
can see that 4.5
and in 2008 how many units manufactured
so the ratio we can simply say 45 is to
the option answer is 9 is to 14 that
should be the answer to the second
question
very very clear no big deal
if you know how to analyze a graph
you can analyze pie chart dot plot
bar chart
any of this chart
now let's solve this question
this question is also another data
interpretation let us take a different
color
it stated in the x axis the number of
years in the y axis
income
of expenses in lakhs income of
income of expense i don't understand
what they say the expense or what
but what we can say that firm's position
so expenditure and income both are given
the firm's position is here and here in
terms of expenditure in terms of income
at a given point of time
which conclusions is not true means
which conclusion is false that means
among four statement one statement is
false rest of the three will be true
profit of the firm was minimum in 1980
and maximum in 1985. you can see that
this is net income this is expenditure
so this is the profit in between 1980
this is big so in 1985 profit is more so
this statement is true
rate of increase in income is less than
that of increase in expenditure
so in 1980 what happened rate of income
rate of increase in income
so this is increase in income so this is
income increment rate and it says less
than that of the increase in expenditure
so expenditure increase and income
increase
okay income increase is less than the
increase in expenditure
you can see that
the rate of increase in income is less
than
that of the increase in expenditure up
to
this is less and after that it drops so
yes that's also true
there is a direct relationship between
income and expenditure after 1980.
basically after 1980 there is no
particular relationship
uh the expenditure and income because
you can see the graph is going crazy
after 1980 till 1980 there is a
relationship you can tell after 1980
there is no relationship so we can say
that c is not true
and all the above no so c
is not true or c is false so our
statement will be c
got it because basically we can
calculate this idea that this firm is
earning more expenditure is also more
from 1970 whatever to 1980 but after
now another question what is the ex
respective ratio of men to women working
in night shift shifts
in the cell
industry okay that is something not at
all from this
question so we only stick to the
question number 19
and we know that
this is our idea this is that the c is a
false statement so you can see that this
data interpretation problems are not
that complicated all you need to do is
to understand the graph and basically
when i mean understand the graph
this image in the middle is not that
important the important part is what is
x and what is y how x and y is relatable
because x is something on which y will
depend okay that's how it's really
really important so that is how you'll
solve this kind of problems and uh will
solve more problems later on but i
believe that gives you overall idea
about
paper one of csi net exam